Esperanto: Language, Literature, and Community
From Langmaker
Esperanto: Language, Literature, and Community, ISBN 0791412547, by Pierre Janton, provides a detailed overview of the history of planned languages in general and Esperanto in particular.
See Auxlang Chronology for a chart inspired by the Janton's analysis of the history of auxiliary languages.
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Auxlang Taxonomy
Janton has prepared the following classification of auxiliary languages:
- I. A priori languages, characterized by largely artificial, non-ethnic word roots, schematic derivation, and fixed word categories (i.e., philosophical languages).
- II. A posteriori languages
- A. Simplified ethnic languages (living or dead—i.e., minimal languages)
- B. Mixed languages using ethnic and nonethnic roots
- 1. Schematically derived languages with ethnic word roots in distorted form (e.g., Volapuk) or with both artificial and ethnic roots (e.g., Perio, 1904)
- 2. Languages with partly schematic and partly naturalistic derivation; ethnic roots of languages in this group are seldom or never distorted (e.g., Esperanto, 1887)
- C. Naturalistic languages
- 1. Languages with some schematic traits (e.g., Unial, 1903; Novial, 1928-1937)
- 2. Languages with natural derivation (e.g., Occidental, 1922; Interlingua, 1951)
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